Pear is a heat-loving fruit tree, represented by about three hundred varieties. Not all varieties have frost resistance, sufficient for a successful wintering in the suburbs. For the middle zone, with its hot summers and cold winters, varieties are selected that can withstand frosts up to minus 30 ° C and more.
Early grades
Early pear varieties are the best choice for the Moscow region. The fruits of early ripe varieties have time to fully ripen for a short summer near Moscow. The maximum returns from fruit trees allow you to get early self-fertile varieties of pears.
When planting self-fertile varieties, to guarantee a decent harvest, a couple of pears of another variety are planted nearby - for cross-pollination and an increase in the number of ovaries.
On the territory of the Moscow Region several times frosts were recorded up to minus 45 ° С. For 100 years of observations, a record of negative temperatures was set - minus 54 ° C (Naro-Fominsk). Such frosts are fatal for many varieties of pears.
Cathedral
Quick-growing table pear. Bred by Timiryazevsky ISA. In 2001, the variety was zoned in the Central region. The trees are medium-sized, with a regular conical crown. The fruits ripen in early August. The first harvest is for 3-4 years.
Fruits weigh 110-130 g. One tree produces 85 kg / ha, the maximum recorded - 136.5 kg / ha. Fruits of the correct pear-shaped, greenish-yellow. Reaching consumer ripeness, they turn yellow. The pulp is white, sour-sweet. Tasting score - 4.
Fruits do not deteriorate after harvesting 10-12 days. Transportability is satisfactory. The variety is good for drying, cooking, etc. High frost resistance. Not infected with scab. Stable yields. Cons - medium-sized fruits, short shelf life. Autumn top dressing should contain nitrogen.
To make the tree take root well, gardeners advise to pick 80% of the flowers in the first year of flowering.
Lada
Self-fertile and early-growing standard grade. Bred ISA them. Timiryazev in the 90s of the last century. Widely distributed in Pomoskovye. Fruits in 3 years.
Fruit weight - 100 g. Form - obovate. Color - light yellow, with a tan. White flesh with a yellowish tint, fine-grained, juicy, sweet, there is a bit of sourness. The rating of tasters is 4.1-4.4. The average yield is 50 kg per tree or 120-180 kg / ha.
Resistant to scab. Responsive to chernozems, grows well on loams, gray forest soils. In sparse soils requires top dressing. With drought, watering is necessary. Minus - short shelf life. Fruits are better to eat immediately, do not store.
Krasulia
Summer superearly grade. Bred by the South Ural Research Institute. Tree height - 4 m. Recommended pollinators - Severyanka and Rainbow varieties. Ripening is the first half of August.
Roundedly flattened yellow-green fruits weigh 90-120 g. The fruits have a bright blush. The average aroma. Delicate oily skin. Loose creamy flesh. Tasting score - 4.7. Designed for fresh consumption - do not lie for a long time. Collection from the 1st tree - up to 40 kg per tree.
Not afraid of pear mites and scab. High winter hardiness. Fruits do not deteriorate after harvesting 10-12 days. Propagated by vaccination. Formative and sanitary pruning is required. Minus - thorns on the crown and medium-sized fruits.
Early maturing
This is the record holder for ripening speed. Bred in Michurinsky IGSPR. The plant is vigorous, with a pyramidal crown. It ripens in the third decade of July.
Fruits are greenish-yellow, peel with notes of orange. The pulp is juicy, sweet and sour. Harvest from the plant - up to 90-100 kg / ha. Pears weigh 70-100 g. The shape is pear-shaped. Tasting rating - 4.
Winter hardiness is high, resistance to scab. Cons - small fertility and poor preservation.
Late summer varieties
Late summer or mid-season include pear varieties, the fruits of which ripen in late August. Such pears are more durable than early ripe counterparts.
Rogneda
A quick-growing variety bred in the 90s. last century. Distributed in the Moscow and Kaluga regions. Medium-sized plant with a wide pyramidal crown. Pear picking - 2-3 decades of August.
Rounded, light yellow fruits weigh 120-140 g. They have a smooth, shiny skin. During ripeness, a beautiful red “tan” appears on pears. Very sweet, almost no acidity. The aroma resembles the smell of southern varieties of pears. Tasting score - 4.1-4.2. Productivity 80-85 kg per tree. Reaches in some years 100 kg.
Fruits tend to over-ripen and crumble. They are being taken down to sleep. They put it in the refrigerator for storage - here they lie no more than 20 days. Rogneda variety is winter-hardy, resistant to fruit rot and scab.
Chizhovskaya
Mid-ripening standard grade with a pyramidal or conical crown. The variety was created at the Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev. Pollinators, pears of the varieties of Rogned or Lada, are planted nearby. Fruiting - 3-4 years after vaccination.
The weight of the fruit is 110-140 g. Greenish fruits with a yellow tint have a typical shape and smooth, non-gloss skin. The rating of tasters is 4.1-4.2. About 50 kg of fruits are harvested from one tree.
The fruits do not crumble. But, even falling on the grass, they do not deteriorate, and do not lose their presentation for a whole week. At 0 degrees, 2-4 months are stored. Well transported. Frost resistance is high. Prefers slightly acidic soils. Minus - as the tree grows old, the fruits are smaller. Regular pruning in early spring is recommended - to rejuvenate the tree.
Prominent (Bumpy)
Self-fertile variety with high frost resistance. Bred in 1958 in Moscow VSTISP. The trees are very tall, up to 5-6 m in height. Fruits in the 5th year. Ripening is the second part of August.
The mass of pears is 160-200 g. The fruits are elongated, ribbed, tuberous, the color is yellow-green, the ripe fruit has an orange “tan”. Fruits with dense skin and yellowish flesh, the taste is dessert, sweet and sour, with notes of muscat. 40-60 kg of fruits are harvested from one tree.
The variety is resistant to fungal diseases. The fruits are stored for a week, not more. Removing pears is recommended unripe. Overripe, the fruits rot on the branches. The variety is environmentally sustainable, gives abundant harvests. Minus - low keeping quality.
Dressed Efimova
Early fall variety. Born in 1936. Fruiting - at 7-8 years of life. Trees are tall with a pyramidal crown.
The fruit weighs 95-110 g, the maximum weight is 180 g. The fruits are pear-shaped, with a smooth skin, greenish-yellow, and when ripe, a dark red blush. Sweet-sour cream flesh with astringency. The tasting score is 4 points. Collection from a tree - 40 kg.
Fruits are stored for up to two weeks. Fruits are ripened slightly unripe, otherwise they lose their taste. The variety is resistant to scab and frost, stably bears fruit. An excellent donor of productivity and winter hardiness - often used in breeding work. Minus - a protracted entry into the fruiting season and the difficulty of determining the ripeness of the fruit.
Muscovite
Dessert early-ripening variety ripening in the fall. Bred at the Timiryazev Academy. One of the most popular varieties in the suburbs. Medium-sized trees with a conical crown shape. Fruits in 3-4 years of planting.
The fruits are universal. Weight 120-130 g. There are fruits of 200 g or more. The skin is greenish yellow. Fruits of a wide pear-shaped form do not have a blush, and the skin is covered with "rusty" spots. Tasting score - 4.3. Productivity - 50 kg per tree.
It is stored in the refrigerator for 3-4 weeks. At zero temperature - 3 months. The variety easily tolerates temperature vagaries. Insulation required.
August dew
A relatively young summer variety bred by the Michurinsky VNIIG. Medium-sized trees - up to 3 m, with a drooping crown. Fruiting begins on the 4th year. With low self-fertility. An additional pollinating plant is usually a pear in memory of Yakovlev.
The mass of fruits is 120-140 g. Yellowing, pears acquire a tan. The surface is smooth, the pulp has fine grain. It tastes sweet and sour, has a delicate, pleasant aroma. Fruits are short-pear-shaped, not ribbed. The first crop - for 4-5 years, is 10-15 kg, later - up to 40 kg.
The fruits are stored for no more than three weeks. In the refrigerator - 3 months. Tasting score - 4.6. High productivity and winter hardiness. Minus - with large yields, the fruits grow unevenly.
Tenderness
Harvest late summer grade. Vigorous tree with a pyramidal crown. The variety is self-fertile, but it still requires pollinators with earlier flowering. Fruits in 4-5 years, the planting field. Active fruiting - up to 15 years. Rip up at the end of summer.
Fruits weigh 150-200 g. The color of the fruit is yellow with a pink tint. The oily flesh has a uniform consistency. The peel is dense, rough, with subcutaneous dots. Productivity - 40 kg per tree. Tasting score - 4 points.
The variety is demanding on lighting. It grows well on higher ground. In the sun, the fruits turn pink. The variety is planted only in spring, autumn planting is unacceptable. Fruits are stored for no more than a month. Transportation withstand satisfactorily.
Bessemyanka
Late summer, partially self-fertile variety. The seeds inside the fruit are underdeveloped. The variety has a second name - Sugar Pear. The variety is old, widely distributed in the Central region. The popularity of the variety has recently declined due to vulnerability to scab. Plants are medium or vigorous. Fruiting occurs in the eighth year of planting.
Weight - 70-80 g. Fruits are short, pear-shaped, with tubercles. Color - yellowish-green, with a "tan." The pulp is yellow-white, juicy and sweet. Productivity - 50 kg per tree.
Pears are not stored for long - up to 7 days. It is better to remove pears unripe, as the variety is prone to shedding. Well transported.
Winter varieties
These pear varieties have a long shelf life. Rip in September. All varieties with high shelf life - the fruits are excellently stored until the New Year.
Red-sided
High-yielding variety with late ripening. Introduced in South Ural Research Institute. Plant height - up to 4 m. Fruiting - for 5-7 years of life.
The fruits weigh 130-155 g, maximum 180 g. The correct pear-shaped form. The emerald green pears have a smooth, slightly oily peel. Ripe fruits have raspberry blush. Sweet taste, there is a bit of astringency and sourness. Then astringency disappears. The crop reaches 110 kg per tree or 105 kg / ha. Tasting score - 4.5 points.
The variety is hardy, not picky about the soil, does not need pruning, the scab does not get sick. The negative point is astringency.
Miracle woman
The variety was created relatively recently. It was created in the Michurinsky GNU VNIIG and SPR for cultivation in the middle lane. Fruiting begins on the 5-6th year after planting. The height of the tree is up to 3 m. The shape is pyramidal. The collection is in the second half of September. Type of fruiting - mixed.
The fruits weigh 200-220 g. They are sweet, with a strong aroma and a sour finish. The skin is smooth, with an oily-waxy coating. The color of the ripe fruit is green-yellow. On the fruits are pinkish barrels. The flesh is cream color, delicate texture. Productivity - 132 kg / ha.
The variety is winter-hardy. It withstands frosts down to minus 38 ° С, and with good warming up to minus 50 ° С. Average transportability and good keeping quality - up to 150 days. Resistant to fungal diseases. Less - pears, ripening, fall off. When thickened, the fruits become smaller. Pruning contributes to large-fruited. One should be wary of the pear bear.
Yakovlev's favorite
Early fall variety. Ripens in September - in the beginning or in the middle. Harvest - for 5-6 years. The tree is very tall, fast growing. Self-fertility is low, the variety is considered partially self-fertile. The best pollinator is Duchess summer.
The fruits weigh 130-140 g. Pear-shaped, extended downward. Color is yellow-green. Ripening, the fruits become golden. Collection from a tree - 30 kg. Assessment of tasters - 4.4 points.
Long stored. It does not lose its presentation and taste until December. Having a dense consistency, they are well transported.
Honey
Old late autumn variety, bred in 1964 by Crimean breeders. The tree is not high - up to 2 m, with a pyramidal crown back. It ripens in mid-September. The first pears are 3-5 years old.
Weight - 300-520 g. The form is short-pear-shaped. The fruits are tuberous, slightly ribbed. The skin is smooth, greenish, with a brown blush and small dots. Tasting Ball - 4.5. Productivity - 80-100 kg.
Transported without problems - pears do not crumple, do not crush. In the cold stored until the New Year. Not afraid of frost, resistant to disease.
Other varieties
Joyful. Self-made variety. Keeping up with the end of summer. The tree is medium-sized, with a rounded crown. Requires additional pollination. Fruit weight - up to 140 g. Grade - 4.5 points. The fruits are stored for no more than a week. Collection from a tree - 20 kg. Good immunity.
Vera Yellow. Colon-shaped variety. The fruits ripen in the fall. Very high winter hardiness. The first harvest is for 6-7 years. Minus - unstable bearing. Pears of medium size - about 160 g. Color - yellow-orange. Collected 2-3 fruits in clusters. Tall trees - up to 6 m.
Venus. Early fall table variety. Bred in 1964. The first harvest - for 5-6 years. Productivity 250 c / ha. Resistant to scab. The fruits ripen in September. Weight - 125 g, color - yellow-green, quite juicy, taste - satisfactory, freshly sweet.
Festive. Universal late ripening variety. Bred in 1960. The height of the tree is 3.5 m. The crown is compact. Harvest - in September - early October. Fruits of medium size, yellow, weight - 170 g. Length - up to 15 cm. The peel is not thick, the pulp is juicy, not watery, cream-colored. The taste is sweet, no acid or bitterness. Productivity - up to 60 kg per tree. It can be stored up to 5 months.
Dalikor. Winter columnar variety. Dwarf trees grow up to 150 cm in height. The fruits ripen in early October. Weight - 300-500 g. Fruits are soft cream, there is a blush, without astringency. The taste is sweet, the pulp is tender and very juicy. Pears are stored until February. The variety is undemanding, does not require trimming.
Decor. Dwarf column-shaped pear up to 2 m high and with a compact crown. The variety is self-fertile. Productivity - 20 kg. Fruiting begins in 2-3 years. The weight of pears is 230-250 g. The yellow-green fruits have no blush. The pulp is tender, smells like a rose, very sweet, moderately juicy. The surface is dotted with dots and specks of “rust”.
Other columnar pear varieties are presented in this article.
Autumn dream. Autumn early variety. The tree is low, with a pyramidal crown. Harvest from a tree - up to 40 kg. Fruits are small, rounded conical, with rust. With white flesh, juicy and fragrant. Stored until January. The variety is resistant to frost and scab. Fruits of universal purpose.
Carmen. Summer table grade. Ripens at the end of July. The fruits are stored until October. The tree is of medium height, the crown is thick, narrow pyramidal. The weight of the fruit is 160-180 g. The form is short-pear-shaped. The peel, as the fruits ripen, becomes red-brown. The pulp is creamy, with a pleasant smell, not tart. Harvest - 60 kg per tree.
Sanremi. The variety is autumn. Pollinated independently. The fruits are large oval-round, weighing up to 400 g. Color - yellow-green, no tan. Tree height - up to 2 m. The first fruits - at 3 years of age. Taste rating - 4.9 points. It ripens in October.
Sapphire. Colon-shaped variety. Requires pollinators. Height - up to 2.5 m. Moderate frost resistance. Productivity - up to 80 kg per tree. Fruiting begins from 3 years and lasts 10-12 years. The variety is resistant to scab and bacterial cancer. The weight of the fruit is 250-300 g. Pears are prone to shedding - they must be removed unripe.
Northerner. Early summer universal grade. Fruits of truncated conical shape weigh 80-85 g. The color is juicy yellow, with greenery. Stored up to 2 months. The variety is early. At 6-7 years of age, brings up to 20 kg of fruit. An adult tree gives up to 60 kg. And in especially fruitful years - 100-110 kg. The average fertility is 30%. The variety is very resistant to frost - up to -40 degrees.
Comparison table
In the Moscow Region all kinds of pear varieties grow - early summer, late summer and late - for winter storage. Varieties within one group differ in characteristics - productivity, mass, color and taste of the fruit.
Comparative characteristics of early ripe, mid-ripening and late varieties of pears
Varieties | The weight of the fetus, g | Tasting Point | Productivity, kg per tree |
Early (early summer) | |||
Cathedral | 110-130 | 4 | 40 |
Lada | 100-110 | 4,4 | 50 |
Krasulia | 90-120 | 4,7 | 40 |
Early maturing | 70-100 | 4 | 50 |
Medium (Late Summer) | |||
Rogneda | 120-140 | 4,2 | 80 |
Chizhovskaya | 120-130 | 4,2 | 55 |
Joyful | 120-140 | 4,5 | 22 |
Prominent (Bumpy) | 150-190 | 4,7 | 50 |
Dressed Efimova | 90-120 | 4 | 40 |
Muscovite | 120-130 | 4,3 | 50 |
Tenderness | 150-200 | 4 | 40 |
August dew | 120-140 | 4,6 | 40 |
Bessemyanka | 70-80 | 4 | 50 |
Late (autumn) | |||
Miracle woman | 200-220 | 4,3 | 40 |
Red-sided | 130-160 | 4,5 | up to 100 |
Yakovlev's favorite | 130-140 | 4,4 | 30 |
Festive | 160-180 | 4,4 | 40 |
Honey | 320-500 | 4,5 | 80 |
The main condition for growing pears in the suburbs is high frost resistance. Varieties intended for the middle strip, unlike thermophilic analogues, are able to bear fruit on virtually any soil and withstand low temperatures without compromising yield.
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